Hexdump shell command

I was asked to help understand the following command

xxd -p data.txt | tr -d '\n' | sed 's/.{2}/0x&,/g' > obfuscated.txt

This is my breakdown

xxd -p data.txt dumps the hex value of the data. tr -d '\n' is deleting \n on each input, it’s removing newlines. sed -E 's/.{2}/0x&,/g' takes the single line input and checks it against the regex.

s/.{2}/0x&,/g breaks down to .{2} which says match 2 of any non line-terminating character such as \n0x&, is then used to surround the 2 characters matched. 0x is the prefix, & is the stand in for the matched characters, and , is the suffix g is the flag to run against all, not just the first match.

So this script is converting a multiline hexdump, into a single line, then prefixing each character pair with the the numerical constant in hex.

echo '1' | xxd -p outputs 310a. 1 is 31 in hex 0a is end of line. echo '1' | xxd -p | tr -d '\n' outputs 310a% removing the line breaks from the hex dump. echo '1' | xxd -p | tr -d '\n' | sed -E 's/.{2}/0x&,/g' outputs 0x31,0x0a,

I found this task deeply enjoyable, hopefully my understanding is correct.